The formation of a productive frame as the small Venezuelan industrial park has taken more than half a century as a country. While under a model underpinned of development with significant weaknesses, endured a pattern of specialization based on the exploitation and export of natural resources, mainly oil, with a capital-intensive enclave sector in economy services to turn labor-intensive low-skill, was achieved with logical constraints form a national productive that has accumulated valuable technological and organizational learning and shaping an institutional capacity at managerial, technological, information management, marketing and customer relationship management - supplier today are our principal industrial heritage.
In particular companies and consulting engineering, construction, service wells, metalworking, metalworking and related manufacturing activity oil, petrochemical and gas upstream (providers goods or services) and downstream (processing raw materials into finished products of higher added value) represent the most developed sectors of our industry processes and services, by the same requirements as PDVSA once promoted their value chain, from its suppliers to their customers at the level of implementation of ISO standards and international certificates assurance systems and standards of quality in their production processes and the implementation of works and nvergadura, that contributed to the development of national suppliers and lesser extent in the formation of downstream production chains.
This incipient but valuable entrepreneurship, fifty years later, more than twelve years "a process that preaches socialist precepts, remains essentially mono export condition, dependent on oil and its price swings. With the added devastating in the past decade that preaches in every way imaginable objectives aimed at promoting a diversified economy, endogenous, sovereign and independent, not only have been achieved, but actually are not, nor have they been their direct or indirect targets. On the contrary their purpose more airy are to deepen economic dependence, production, food, health and now constructive foreign or exogenous capabilities. Strengthening and the productive fabric and external business skills from other countries - so-called allies in this decade to the detriment of local capacities.
We assist in Venezuela to a dramatic dismantling of those capabilities that many years has taken shape, which is deepened dangerously in 2007, with the start of the policy of nationalization and expropriation who now number more than 200 companies involved primarily in energy, agribusiness, telecommunications, steel, banking, food and construction now. Which has focused on these sectors considered strategic for the national economy and with the supposed aim of achieving "productive sovereignty and independence, food, energy, financial and construction, under a socialist production", reaching the opposite of those purported goals. The consequences of this process of systematic expropriation, together with price controls and heavy tax burdens has been a greater reliance on imports and a growing divestment of productive activities in the country, coupled with a raising of capital by an oversized and inefficient state management criteria that political, populist and sectarian hegemony.
Proof of this is the situation we experienced in areas where domestic production was self-sufficient as coffee, rice, and white maize this year have had to be imported to supply local demand, as production has decreased considerably due to price regulations, labor disputes promoted in many cases by public authorities must intervene to solve them, among other factors that have stimulated the sector divestment to prevent such items to be profitable.
In the case of sugar while the domestic industry historically does not supply the local demand, imports increased 152% disproportionately in the first half of this year, according to INE data, importing 223,629 tons compared to 88,770 tonnes in the first half of 2009 and estimates for the demand sector are imported 600,000 thousand tons by the sharp drop in production. Similar situation occurs with white corn, with rice, beans, or with the milk, cheese and chicken, meat, and even cocoa and preparations that have recently been considered strategic for the country , and of which we are exporters, despite the import of the item is more than the production and .* exproted
This situation is similar in other sectors such as manufacturing, which has been exacerbated by the entry of finished products from China, mainly affecting local industry of footwear, clothing, toys and much more. Either the metallurgical sector is working at 40% of its installed capacity by the shortage of inputs from SIDOR that has significantly reduced its production was once nationalized, which added to the contraction that has experienced this year as the halt construction and some projects in the oil industry has reduced the demand for metal structures, pipes and profiles, tanks, wires, containers, welded beams, which require developers and businesses in the area of \u200b\u200bhydrocarbons.
Moreover, Venezuela was the country with the biggest drop in exports (39%), the other countries in the region last year, trade between Venezuela and the Andean Community fell 38% in 2009, Mercosur decrease was 15.9%, with Mexico, Chile 36% and 28.3%. **
Meanwhile, billionaire poorly planned investment is earmarked to buy food and other items we can supply locally, the resources they cease to be injected into areas that require urgent attention in the country, such as security, budget autonomous universities for its operations, road infrastructure, provision of hospitals and homes in the country, if actions are the sole responsibility of the State, not the production of goods. However, addressing this huge flow of resources in dollars to import goods and products more profitable for officers to manage public funds at its discretion and without accountability mechanisms, rather than allocating them to promote the national production ultimately moves increasingly weak bolivar.
* Statistical Yearbook, National Statistics Institute (INE)
** Report of the Latin American Integration Association (ALADI) 2008-2009
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